Universal features of fluctuations

Universal scaling laws of fluctuations (the Delta -scaling laws) can be der ived for equilibrium and off-equilibrium systems when combined with the fin ite-size scaling analysis. In any system in which the second-order critical behavior can be identified, the relation between order parameter, critical ity and scaling law of fluctuations has been established and the relation b etween the scaling function and the critical exponents has been found.