Nitrogen budget for fescue pastures fertilized with broiler litter in Major Land Resource Areas of the southeastern US

The southeast US produces a tremendous number of broiler chickens (Gallus g allus), which in turn produce massive quantities of litter (manure and bedd ing materials). In the Southeast, litter is most often disposed of via land application to pastures, however, the ultimate fate of much of the applied nitrogen (N) is not known. We have constructed N budgets for three sites a cross the southeastern U.S. in an effort to determine how much of the appli ed N is useful for plant production and how much is left to be absorbed by the environment. Study sites were located in the Coastal Plain (Alabama), P iedmont (Georgia), and Cumberland Plateau (Tennessee) Major Land Resource A reas (MLRA) of the southeastern US. Litter was applied in the Spring of two consecutive years at a rate to supply 70 kg of available N ha(-1). The tot al amount of N applied ranged from 103 to 252 kg N ha(-1) depending on site and year. Nitrogen fluxes monitored in this study were broiler litter N, a mmonia (NH3) volatilization, denitrification, plant uptake, and leaching. P lant uptake represented the largest flux of applied N, averaging 43% of app lied N. Losses due to NH3 volatilization and denitrification combined were only 6% of applied N on average. Loss of N due to NO3-N leaching appeared t o be significant only at the Coastal Plain site where NO3-N concentrations in the groundwater peaked at 38 mg N l(-1). We believe the majority of exce ss N shown in these budgets is likely accounted for by leaching losses and soil accumulation. Regardless of these assumptions and low gaseous losses, it is apparent that on average, 57% of applied N is destined for a fate oth er than plant uptake. The results of this study indicate that land-applicat ion of broiler litter at currently recommended rates has the potential for negative impacts on the environment of the southeastern U.S. in the long-te rm.