Y. Gauslaa et Ka. Solhaug, Fungal melanins as a sun screen for symbiotic green algae in the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria, OECOLOGIA, 126(4), 2001, pp. 462-471
The mycobiont of the high-light-susceptible forest lichen Lobaria pulmonari
a was shown to deposit brown, melanic compounds in the outer layer of the u
pper cortex, depending on the long-term level of solar radiation in its nat
ural habitat. Furthermore, pale thalli from a shady habitat produced melani
c compounds after transplantation to a sunny habitat. This browning of the
cortex appeared to be a physiologically active process, taking place only d
uring periods with frequent hydration. Melanin production was slow. After t
ransplantation. more than 1 year was needed for a shade-adapted thallus to
reduce the cortical transmittance (230-1000 nm) to a similar level to that
of naturally sun-exposed specimens. Melanic compounds acted as a sun screen
, especially reducing UVB and UVA wavelengths, but also visible wavelengths
, at the photobiont Level. In the near infrared range, there was only a sma
ll difference in transmittance between shade- and sun-adapted cortices. A n
egative correlation was found between the natural light level and the corti
cal transmittance of wavelengths below 700 nm. However, previous studies ha
ve shown that even photobionts of melanic L. pulmonaria thalli are relative
ly susceptible to high-light exposure. Since melanins also increase the abs
orbance of solar energy for the whole thallus, it appears that what is gain
ed in terms of UV- and light protection in melanic L. pulmonaria specimens
may be offset by increased exposure to excess temperatures for this highly
heat-susceptible lichen.