L. Munoz-escriva et Wd. Furlan, Subjective refraction techniques in the frame of the three-dimensional dioptric space, OPT VIS SCI, 78(2), 2001, pp. 106-112
A novel heuristic approach to the well-known representation of the dioptric
power in a three-dimensional space is presented. It is shown how this theo
retical framework is ideal for discussing the principles of several subject
ive refraction methods. In particular, this formalism is used to justify th
e stenopaic slit refraction, the Barnes subjective refraction technique, an
d the Jackson cross-cylinder procedure. In view of this analysis, some modi
fications to the traditional procedures are proposed.