Typhlitis (neutropenic enterocolitis) after a single dose of vinorelbine

We report a case of a 50-year-old man with pretreated adenocarcinoma of the lung, who developed fatal neutropenic enterocolitis (typhlitis) after a st andard dose of the cytotoxic drug vinorelbine. Blood cultures were negative for all microorganisms tested for. Stool cultures were negative for enteri c rods but direct examination of fresh stool revealed the presence of Giard ia lamblia. Abdominal pain and diarrhoea developed very rapidly while the p atient was only moderately neutropenic, Metronidazole was prescribed withou t clinical benefit: the abdominal pain remained stable. The duration of neu tropenia was very short (4 days). The abdominal catastrophe ending in shock occurred after complete recovery of the neutrophil count. Neutropenic coli tis has been reported with increasing frequency in solid tumours after the introduction of taxanes. This complication has been observed mainly in phas e I studies, near the maximally tolerated doses (MTD). The combined use of vinorelbine has recently been reported to exacerbate the toxic effects of t axane on the colon. The case presented here demonstrates that typhlitis can occur even with vinorelbine alone, used at a standard recommended dose (30 mg/m(2)).