Da. Cole et al., Social origins of depressive cognitions: A longitudinal study of self-perceived competence in children, COGN THER R, 25(4), 2001, pp. 377-395
As part of a g-year longitudinal investigation, over 631 elementary school
children evaluated themselves in five developmentally important domains: ac
ademic competence, social acceptance, physical appearance behavioral conduc
t, and sports competence. In cross-sectional and prospective analyses, self
-appraisals were significantly predicted by teachers: parents: and peers' a
ppraisals in the same domains. The strength of this relation and the stabil
ity of self-appraisals increased over time. Longitudinal analyses also reve
aled that self-perceived competence was negatively related to later levels
of self-reported depressive symptoms.