Phage display selection of a peptide DNase II inhibitor that enhances genedelivery

Background Nuclease activity is thought to be a significant barrier to effe ctive gene delivery employing synthetic vectors. In particular, the lysosom al DNase, DNase II, has significant access to plasmid DNA, when the protect ive condensing agent has been shed. Here, we present the identification of a peptide DNase II inhibitor, enabling enhanced levels of gene delivery. Methods A DNase II inhibitor was identified by phage display from a cyclic, random 12-amino acid library. Activity was assayed by inhibition of DNase II degradation of DNA. Transfection enhancement levels were measured over a range of DMA doses with CV-1 and MDBK cell types using PEI and cationic li poplexes as vectors. Results We postulated that a DNase II inhibitor would enhance transfection by enabling a larger fraction of plasmid DNA to traffic through the cell an d enter the nucleus. Peptides based on the selected sequence (SLRLLRWFLWAC) [ID2] were shown to inhibit DNase II with an observed K-I,K-app of 0.2-2 m uM. Lipoplex-mediated transfection in vitro was found to be enhanced by ID2 -3 across the entire range of plasmid DNA doses examined (0.10-3.0 mug/mL). Transfection with PEI/DNA complexes was found to be specifically enhanced in the presence of ID2 peptides, with a saturable DNA-dose curve as would b e expected for a competitive inhibitor. Transfection enhancements as high a s 270-fold were found in the presence of ID2-3. Conclusions A novel peptide DNase II inhibitor has been used to increase tr ansfection. The level of enhancement was found to be significant in multipl e cell types with multiple synthetic vectors. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.