Incorporation and characterisation of oxides of manganese, cobalt and lithium into Nafion 117 membranes

Metal ion loaded Nafion membranes were used as starting materials in an in situ oxidation and precipitation process within the polymer membrane. The p roducts achieved via this synthesis route were different amorphous and crys talline metal oxides like LiCoO2 and Mn3O4 incorporated in the membrane eit her as a thin layer (skin) or throughout the whole membrane via a two way d iffusion process. X-Ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used for th e characterisation of the incorporated species and the Nafion membrane. Cry stalline phases could be identified using X-ray diffraction and Raman measu rements were used to identify the amorphous precipitates.