In recent decades, cervical screening for gonorrhea has been an integr
al part of antenatal care. Today, in most countries in the ''western w
orld'', other microorganisms commonly found in the vagina are importan
t causes of premature labor and are associated with perinatal and puer
peral infections. These include Chlamydia trachomatis, Group B strepto
cocci. herpes simplex virus, genital mycoplasmas and bacterial vaginos
is. This paper discusses current strategies to prevent complications o
f these infections in pregnancy and at birth.