A preliminary 3000-year regional temperature reconstruction for South Africa

A preliminary 3000-year palaeotemperature series is presented for South Afr ica. The series has been derived using the correlation in recent times betw een the colour variation in annual growth layers of a stalagmite taken from a cave in the Makapansgat Valley and an area-averaged regional annual maxi mum temperature series. A statistical transfer function was applied to the variation in colour banding in the stalagmite over the last 3000 years. The time periods from no 1500 to 1800, and from 800-200 BC are shown to have b een the coolest episodes in the last three millennia, with temperatures up to 1 degreesC lower than at present. Medieval warming with a maximum at aro und no 1500 and a pronounced warm episode around 100 BC were prominent feat ures of the record.