Leading productive classroom discussions is difficult, as any one knows who
has tried. Teaching future teachers to lead them is doubly difficult - a c
ase of teaching beyond one's own understanding. Here we report our reflecti
on on our efforts to teach beginning teachers to lead discussions. Our meth
od was reflective inquiry, for the central problem we addressed arose from
within our teaching, and this is where its solution would have to be worked
out. Lisa, one of our student teachers, expressed the problem well: After
participating capably in and reflecting upon model discussions that we had
led, she said that she had "really no idea how to lead a discussion" hersel
f. Our efforts to teach with discussion were surprisingly inconsequential w
hen it came to teaching for discussion, where the subject matter is discuss
ion itself - its worth, purposes, types, and procedures - and in which case
discussion is not a teaching method but a curriculum objective. Against th
is problem, we critique methods we have used to teach both with and for dis
cussion and present a typology that we developed in order to do both better
. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.