Our "idees fixes" in rhinoplasty: The naso-frontal angle and the alar lateral crus

An examination of the naso-frontal angle shows that a cranial or caudal shi ft in position affects the dorsum length. The fundamental aspect characteri zing the naso-frontal angle is its width: it may be normal, too wide, or to o narrow. It's easier to modify a too-narrow angle than a too-wide one. We show surgical techniques, emphasizing their method applied to the over-wide angle. The second "idee fixe" is the morphology of the alar lateral crus. Every variety of this structure has a peculiar property of shape and relati onship with other elements that predetermines the therapeutic action. Diagr ams and photographs are shown to describe the surgical techniques and the c linical results. There is also a demonstration of the method for alar later al crus resection, which we call "the long keel shape," since it resembles the shape of a sailboat keel.