E. Valentine et C. Evens, The effects of solo singing, choral singing and swimming on mood and physiological indices, BR J MED PS, 74, 2001, pp. 115-120
The effects of solo singing, choral singing and swimming on mood and physio
logical indices were compared. Engaging in these activities reduced tense a
rousal and increased energetic arousal, positive hedonic tone and heart rar
e. Effects were greater for swimming than for singing, with little differen
ce between choral and solo singing. Possible mechanisms and the implication
s for mental well-being are discussed.