High-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of healthy volunteers
was used to study the functional anatomy of the human primary motor (M1) a
nd somatosensory (S1) cortical hand representations during simple movements
of thumb, little finger and wrist and a sequential movement of the middle
three fingers. Rest served as a control state. The results demonstrated an
orderly somatotopy in both M1 and S1, even though the cortical areas active
with individual movements significantly overlapped. Moreover, the activati
on patterns in M1 and S1 differed in three aspects: (i) S1 activation was d
istributed into significantly more clusters than M1 and the primary cluster
was smaller; (ii) the overlaps of areas active with different movements we
re significantly larger in M1 than in S1; (iii) the difference between the
three-finger sequential movement and the single-finger movements was more p
ronounced in S1 than in M1. The sequence-activated SI cortex was distribute
d into significantly more clusters. There was also a trend for a bigger vol
ume difference between sequence and the single finger movements in S1 than
M1. These data suggest that while the distributed character dominates in M1
and S1, a somatotopic arrangement exists for both M1 and S1 hand represent
ations, with the S1 somatotopy being more discrete and segregated, in contr
ast to the more integrated and overlapping somatotopy in M1.