Endarterectomy for carotid stenosis: New approaches in patient selection

Results of randomized trials on carotid endarterectomy make it mandatory th at therapeutic decisions for patients with carotid stenosis consider the de gree of stenosis, presence of symptoms, skill of surgeon and time since the last ischemic event. Patients with severe (>70% by angiogram) stenosis sho uld receive carotid endarterectomy, provided the operative risk is <6% and symptoms have recurred within 6 months. With moderate stenosis (50-69% by a ngiogram), and with similar low operative risk and time limit, males with h emispheric, nondisabling stroke and appropriate CT lesion will benefit from carotid endarterectomy. Patients with TIA only, retinal symptoms alone and who are women are not going to benefit in this range of stenosis. Particul arly at risk with medical care alone are symptomatic patients with coexiste nt intracranial stenosis, widespread white-matter lesions, intraluminal thr ombi, contralateral occlusion and absence of good collateral circulation. T he same highrisk patients, enjoy good long-term results from endarterectomy . Lacunar syndromes at presentation respond to endarterectomy, but with les s benefit. Symptomatic patients do as well, regardless of age, provided pat ients with serious cardiac disorders and with organ failure are avoided. Se rious doubt exists about indications for endarterectomy in asymptomatic sub jects. Even if the upper limit of 3% perioperative risk is exceeded land in large institutional databases and other studies, it usually is), the risk of large-artery strokes from the asymptomatic lesion is only slightly above the risk facing these subjects from lacunar and cardioembolic stroke. To p revent 1 large-artery stroke in 5 years in asymptomatic subjects requires t hat 111 subjects be submitted to endarterectomy. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karg er AG, Basel.