Recurrent pulmonary sarcoidosis in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy

HIV infection and sarcoidosis occur in the same age group, but there are on ly a few reports of the coexistence of the two disorders in the same indivi dual. This infrequent occurrence has been attributed to the paucity of func tioning CD4(+) lymphocytes required for granuloma formation in patients wit h HIV infection. We report two patients with a history of remote sarcoidosi s who later in life contracted HIV infection and developed recurrent, progr essive pulmonary sarcoidosis while receiving highly active antiretroviral t herapy (HAART). Progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis should be added to the di fferential diagnosis in patients receiving HAART for HIV infection who deve lop diffuse lung disease with recovery of CD4(+) lymphocyte population.