V. Diedrichs, Identification of the transmission capacity of regional 110 kV distribution grids with wind energy utilisation, ELECTRI ENG, 83(1-2), 2001, pp. 63-74
Large scale wind energy utilisation in a region changes the power balance a
nd the loads of the electrical equipment of 110 kV level of the grid. The c
alculation of those effects is required for the evaluation of remaining tra
nsportation capacity as well as for grid reinforcement. The use of probabil
istic power flow calculation allows the incorporation of the frequency of o
peration conditions into the calculus which is excluded in the standard met
hod on power flow calculation. An example demonstrates the use of this appr
oach in a case where the wires of overhead 110 kV transmission have been th
e limiting component. In general this approach enables grid-planning and op
eration to identify reserves regarding transmission capacities as well as b
etter evaluations of investments in grid reinforcement.