This contribution to a better understanding of insulating materials which a
re evolving in the domain of electrical engineering, concerns two polymers:
a low density polyethylene free of additives, and an amorphous and bi-axia
lly oriented poly(ethylene-2,6 dicarboxylate). Through conductivity, dielec
tric relaxation and luminescence measurements the importance is shown of th
e role played by the structure of the material on its electrical properties
. Also, the evolution of these properties under electrical stress or enviro
nmental conditions, such as electrical discharges, are studied.