Estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the normal, hyperplastic and carcinomatous human prostate

Two different estrogen receptors (ER-alpha and ER-beta) have been described , which are differentially involved in regulating the normal function of re productive tissues. ER-alpha was considered for a long time to be the only estrogen receptor, and it has been detected in the stromal cells of the hum an prostate but not in the epithelium. To obtain new information about the differential effects of both receptor types, we have investigated their loc alization in normal prostates, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and pros tatic cancer (PC) by immunohistochemistry, ELISA and Western blot. Epitheli al immunostaining was absent in normal prostates and was present in BPH (10 % of cells) and PC (80% of cells), whereas about 15% of stromal cells were positively immunostained for ER-alpha in the three types of prostatic speci mens studied. Epithelial immunostaining for ER-beta was detected in normal prostates (13% of cells), BPH (30% of cells) and PC (79% of cells), whereas stromal immunostaining for ER-beta was absent in normal and hyperplastic p rostates and was present in PC (12% of cells). The complementary presence o f both receptor types in the normal prostate (ER-beta in the epithelium and ER-alpha in the stroma) might explain the mechanism of estrogen action in the development of BPH. The increased epithelial immunostaining for both ER -alpha and ER-beta in BPH and PC suggests that the involvement of estrogen receptors in hyperplasia and cancer concerns mainly the epithelium.