Adsorption of TiCl4 and Ti growth on Si(001) were investigated over a range
of temperatures by scanning tunneling microscopy. At 300 K, intact TiCl4,
Ti and Cl, and mobile TiCl2, are identified on the Si surface. At higher te
mperatures, deposition initially produces two-dimensional Ti islands, and c
ontinued deposition produces three-dimensional clusters. Above 630 K, both
Si and Ti islands and Si/Ti clusters are formed. However, cluster growth is
limited by Cl passivation of Si and Ti surfaces below 950 K. Above 950 K,
the tops of partially submerged titanium silicide crystals are observed. (C
) 2001 American Vacuum Society.