Characteristics of opals from Simav, Turkey

The characteristics of opals with various colours found in rhyolitic volcan ic rocks from Simav district (west Anatolia, Turkey) were studied by optica l, X-ray, thermoanalytical and infrared-absorption methods and scanning ele ctron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Four different silic a polymorphs were distinguished. These are massy opal-CT found as nodules, prismatic trydimite crystals found in geodes with opal-CT, fibrous opal-C a s spherulites and authigenic microcrystalline quartz found in the voids, fr actures and matrix of the rhyolites. Opal-CT which is known as "Simav's fir e opal" has high water content related to its fractured and disordered micr ostructure. The colour variation of massy opal-CT is due to its structural states and changes in its composition. Simav's opals were precipitated from saturated siliceous solutions under low temperatures.