Transient visual symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome

Purpose: To review the potential pathogenic mechanisms of transient visual symptoms (TVS) in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and anti phospholipid syndrome (APS), to discuss the most common clinical features a ssociated with the occurrence of TVS, and to explore possible treatment opt ions for these patients. Methods: The literature regarding the clinical and laboratory characteristics of SLE and APS patients experiencing TVS is rev iewed from 1979 onward. A brief review of the wide spectrum of ophthalmolog ic features occurring in SLE and APS is also provided. Results: Data emergi ng from the review process point to thromboembolism as the most probable ca use of TVS in SLE and APS. Thromboembolisms are likely induced by cardiac v alve abnormalities and should be treated with anticoagulant drugs. Conclusi on: While progress has been made in understanding the association of TVS wi th SLE and APS, further investigation is needed to clarify this interesting relationship.