M. Hassall et al., Foraging behaviour of brent geese, Branta b. bernicla, on grasslands: effects of sward length and nitrogen content, OECOLOGIA, 127(1), 2001, pp. 97-104
Feeding behaviour and preferences of brent geese, Branta b. bernicla were o
bserved on pastures of different sward lengths and nitrogen contents. On sw
ards of 2.0-6.0 cm captive geese took larger bites and had a higher intake
rate when feeding on 6-cm swards than when feeding on shorter ones. In the
field wild geese chose 6-cm swards in preference to both shorter and longer
ones. For unfertilized pastures there was a strong negative relationship b
etween nitrogen content and sward height: Il-cm swards contained 2.8% nitro
gen, 3.5-cm swards 4.2% nitrogen. Application of 75 kg N ha(-1) organically
based fertilizer at the end of October eliminated this relationship betwee
n nitrogen content and sward height, swards of all heights then having a me
an content of 4.1% N. On fertilized plots the geese preferred swards longer
than 6 cm with no indication of a decrease in preference up to the maximum
height investigated, 16 cm. Breaking strain of grass laminae was measured
to give an indication of the proportion of strengthening tissues in the lea
ves and hence their digestibility. Apical laminae from longer swards had a
higher breaking strain than those from shorter swards. Unfertilized swards
had a higher breaking strain than fertilized swards but the difference in b
reaking strain between long and short swards was the same on fertilized and
control treatments. These results are discussed in relation to the forage
maturation hypothesis and are interpreted as indicating that the primary co
nstraint on maximizing energy intake rates is not the reduced energy digest
ibility of older foliage but the reduced nitrogen content in the higher-bio
mass swards. We conclude that it is the balance between maximizing energy i
ntake and nitrogen absorption rates which results in the observed preferenc
e for intermediate-height swards.