An initial ATP-independent step in the unwinding of a herpes simplex virustype I origin of replication by a complex of the viral origin-binding protein and single-strand DNA-binding protein

Using a spectrophotometric assay that measures the hyperchromicity that acc ompanies the unwinding of a DNA duplex, we have identified an ATP-independe nt step in the unwinding of a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) origin of replication, Ori(s), by a complex of the HSV-1 origin binding protein (UL9 protein) and the HSV-1 single-strand DNA binding protein (ICP8). The seque nce unwound is the 18-bpA + T-rich segment that links the two high-affinity UL9 protein binding sites, boxes I and II of Ori(s). P1 nuclease sensitivi ty of Ori(s) and single-strand DNA-dependent ATPase measurements of the UL9 protein indicate that, at 37 degreesC, the A + T-rich segment is sufficien tly single stranded to permit the binding of ICP8. Binding of the UL9 prote in to boxes I and II then results in the formation of the UL9 protein-ICP8 complex, that can, in the absence of ATP, promote unwinding of the A + T-ri ch segment. On addition of ATP, the helicase activity of the UL9 protein-IC P8 complex can unwind boxes I and II, permitting access of the replication machinery to the Ori(s) sequences.