ASSOCIATION OF EMLA(R) CREAM AND NITROUS- OXIDE FOR VENOUS CANNULATION IN CHILDREN

Objective: To assess the efficacy of an combination of Emla(R) cream a nd N2O for venous cannulation in children. Study design: Prospective, randomized, double blind trial. Patients: The study included 75 unprem edicated children, aged 3 months to 5 years, ASA physical class I and II, undergoing an elective surgical procedure, randomized into three g roups. Methods: In group I and III, children received Emla(R) cream on e hour before entering the theatre. In group II, children received a p lacebo. Children of group I and III also inhaled 50 vol% nitrous oxide in oxygen and those of groupe II 100 vol% oxygen, 3 min prior and dur ing venous cannulation. A blinded observer recorded the following item s: pain assessment with CHEOPS scoring, conditions of venous puncture and behaviour of children. Heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen satur ation were assessed at three timepoints: before, 3 min after facial ma sk application and following venous cannulation. Results: There were n on significant differences between the three groups for the conditions of venous cannulation. The CHEOPS score was better in group I (7 [4-1 1]), compared to group II (10 [6-13]; P < 0.01) and to group III (9 [6 -12]; P < 0.01). Conclusion: Emla(R) cream combined with nitrous oxide is effective for venous cannulation in providing satisfactory analges ia and in controlling anxiety elicited by the vision of needle.