Models of division of labor in social insects

Division of labor is one of the most basic and widely studied aspects of co lony behavior in social insects. Studies of division of labor are concerned with the integration of individual worker behavior into colony level task organization and with the question of how regulation of division of labor m ay contribute to colony efficiency. Here we describe and critique the current models concerned with the proxima te causes of division of labor in social insects. The models have identifie d various proximate mechanisms to explain division of labor, based on both internal and external factors. On the basis of these factors, we suggest a classification of the models. We first describe the different types of mode ls and then review the empirical evidence supporting them. The models to date may be considered preliminary and exploratory; they have advanced our understanding by suggesting possible mechanisms for division of labor and by revealing how individual and colony-level behavior may be r elated. They suggest specific hypotheses that can be tested by experiment a nd so may lead to the development of more powerful and integrative explanat ory models.