Growth and second-harmonic generation properties of Tm3+, Yb3+, Bi3+ and Li+ doped GdCa4O(BO3)(3) crystals

The rare-earth ions (Yb3+, Tm3+) and Li+, Bi3(+) ions doped GdCa4O(BO3)(3) crystals were grown using the Czochralski pulling method. The second-harmon ic generation conversion efficiencies of the GdCOB:Yb and GdCOB:Tm crystals are 31.3% and 33.3%, respectively, while the undoped GdCOB crystal is 27.9 %. The conversion efficiencies of Yb3+, Tm3+ doped GdCOB are improved by 12 % and 19%, respectively, compared to that of the undoped one. The conversio n efficiencies of Li+, Bi3+ doped GdCOB crystals are 33% and 38.3%, which a re improved by 15% and 37% as compared to that of the undoped crystal. The results are discussed using the anion group theory.