Postsurgical enhancement of fracture repair: Biologic alternatives to bonegrafting

Surgical intervention and fracture repair are usually achieved without comp lication. Although there are numerous methods of enhancing fracture repair, the addition of a bone graft is most commonly used. Many biologic and biop hysical alternatives exist that may accelerate the natural healing process and be used to treat complications such as delayed union or nonunion fractu res. Many of these treatment modalities are currently being used in human o rthopedic surgery.