Urbanization in the Pacific: environmental change, vulnerability and humansecurity

The world is in the midst of a substantial urban transition, but the impact s of this on the environment and human societies are not fully understood. Very little attention has been paid to urbanization processes in developing countries with smaller populations, despite the evident problems associate d with urbanization. There are both biophysical and social vulnerabilities associated with urbanization in the South Pacific and these vulnerabilities affect human security. The biophysical vulnerabilities include the fragile environments of the island nations, limited land resources, shortages of b asic resources, and the risks associated with global warming. The ability t o respond to these problems is constrained by social vulnerabilities, notab ly weak economies, difficulties associated with land ownership, and institu tional limitations. There is a need for institutional reform, improved plan ning, better urban resource management, and greater regional cooperation, i f Pacific island nations are to respond effectively to rapid urbanization a nd global change.