M. Ortega et al., SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF MEDITERRANEAN PASTURE SEED BANKS ALONG ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS, Journal of biogeography, 24(2), 1997, pp. 177-195
The size and dynamics of seed banks were studied in grazed and ungraze
d Mediterranean pastures at different altitudes and topography positio
ns. The soil samples were collected in autumn and spring and the seed
banks composition was determined by greenhouse germination over a 9-mo
nth period. The percentage of bare ground and the presence of new seed
lings were recorded monthly from October to July in the field. A fall
in seed density and species richness in the banks and a tendency for s
eeds to remain in the banks were linked to a rise in altitude. Germina
tion in lower pastures mainly occurred in October in the numerous gaps
left by the summer drought. At higher altitudes, the scarcity of gaps
and the harsh climate led to an autumn-spring segregation of germinat
ion. On a local scale, the low slope positions and the ungrazed plots
had a. larger number of persistent seed bank species and a lower perce
ntage of bare ground where seeds could germinate than their respective
plots in the upper positions and grazed plots. A higher seed density
in ungrazed than grazed plots was only detected in the three highest p
lots. No seed bank species richness trend was detected. In populations
of the same species in different types of environments, the seasonal
variation of seed numbers was environment-dependent for the majority o
f the species. In general, perennial grassland and its related low gap
s availability appear to favour persistent seed banks.