G. Triadafilopoulos et al., Radiofrequency energy delivered to the gastroesophageal junction for the treatment of GERD, GASTROIN EN, 53(4), 2001, pp. 407-415
Background: In this multi-center study, the feasibility, safety, and effici
ency of radiofrequency (RF) energy delivery to the gastroesophageal junctio
n (GEJ) for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were in
vestigated.
Methods: Forty-seven patients with classic symptoms of GERD (heartburn and/
or regurgitation), a daily anti-secretory medication requirement, and at le
ast partial symptom response to drugs were enrolled. All patients had patho
logic esophageal acid exposure by 24-hour pH study, a 2 cm or smaller hiata
l hernia, grade 2 or less esophagitis, and no significant dysmotility of dy
sphagia. RF energy was delivered with a catheter and thermocouple-controlle
d generator to create submucosal thermal lesions in the muscle of the GEJ.
GERD symptoms and quality of life were assessed at 0, 1, 4, and 6 months wi
th short-form health survey (SF-36). Anti-secretory medications were withdr
awn 7 days before each assessment of symptoms and pH/motility study. Medica
tion use, endoscopic findings, esophageal acid exposure, and motility were
assessed at 0 and 6 months.
Results: Thirty-two men and 15 women underwent treatment. At 6 months there
were improvements in the median heartburn score (4 to 1, p less than or eq
ual to 0.0001), GERD score (26 to 7, p less than or equal to 0.0001), satis
faction (1 to 4, p less than or equal to 0.0001), mental SF-36 (46.2 to 55.
5, p less than or equal to 0.01), physical SF-36 (41.1 to 51.9, p less than
or equal to 0.0001), and esophageal acid exposure (11.7% to 4.8%, p less t
han or equal to 0.0001). Esophagitis was present in 25 patients before trea
tment (15 grade 1 and 10 grade 2) and 8 had esophagitis at 6 months (4 grad
e 1 and 4 grade 2, p less than or equal to 0.005). At 6 months, 87% no long
er required proton pump inhibitor medication. There was no significant chan
ge in median lower esophageal sphincter pressure (14.0 to 12.0 mm Hg, p = 0
.19), peristaltic amplitude (64 to 666 mm Hg, p = 0.71), or lower esophagea
l sphincter length (3.0 to 3.0, p = 0.28). There were 3 self-limited compli
cations (fever for 24 hours, odynophagia lasting for 5 days, and a linear m
ucosal injury that was healed after 3 weeks).
Conclusion: RF energy delivery significantly improved GERD symptoms, qualit
y of life, and esophageal acid exposure while eliminating the need for anti
-secretory medication in the majority of patients of patients with a hetero
genous spectrum of clinical disease severity but with minimal active esopha
gitis or hiatal hernia.