Vaccines in the 21st century

In the 21st century, new vaccines are likely to be the products of molecula r biology Manipulation of genes, transcripts, and proteins will facilitate the generation of immune responses. In some cases the genes will be carried by attenuated vectors. However classic methods of vaccine development will continue to be fruitful. The vaccination schedule will be more complicated , although there will be fewer injections owing to the development of combi nation Vaccines and greater use of nonparenteral routes.