The fossil record of Phasmida (Insecta : Neoptera)

A review of the Phasmida fossil record is provided. No fossils of Timema Sc udder are known. Euphasmida fossils include: Agathemera reclusa Scudder, El ectrobaculum gracilis Sharov, Eophasma oregonense Sellick, Eophasma minor S ellick, Eophasmina manchesteri Sellick, Pseudoperla gracilipes Pictet, Pseu doperla lineata Pictet and various unclassified species from Grube Messel, Baltic amber, and Dominican Republic amber. The oldest documented Euphasmid a fossils are 44-49 million years old; molecular clock dating underestimate s the origin of the sister group Timema by at least 24 million years.