Achievements in human and animal genetics and possible ways in which they may be practically applied

This paper presents the results of recent years of research, particularly f rom 2000, into DNA nucleotide sequences in humans and enumerates the scient ific institutions carrying out research on human genotype. It also presents issues which will be researched in the future, in particular ascertaining which sequences of DNA nucleodes are the genes responsible for synthesising proteins and which have different, hitherto unknown functions. it has been revealed that only about 4% genes are responsible for coding protein, and the function of the remainder is still unknown. Thus it is will also be imp erative to discover the number of genes in all human chromosomes. So far, t his number has been ascertained in only five, This field of genetic researc h is called genomics. The author illustrates possibilities of both present and future application s of genetics on the basis of practical examples. The commercial aspects of genetic discoveries are also stressed, which is of great interest to many pharmaceutical companies. The methodology of genetic research based on mode l animals having analogous proteins to those of humans is discussed. The pa per indicates future possible diagnostic and therapeutic applications both on the basis of precise knowledge of human and animal genes as well as of t he proteins coded by the genes.