T. Green et al., TRICHLOROETHYLENE-INDUCED MOUSE LUNG-TUMORS - STUDIES OF THE MODE OF ACTION AND COMPARISONS BETWEEN SPECIES, Fundamental and applied toxicology, 37(2), 1997, pp. 125-130
CD-1 mice exposed to 450 ppm trichloroethylene, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week,
for 2 weeks showed a marked vacuolation of lung Clara cells after the
first exposure of each week and a marked increase in cell division af
ter the last exposure of each week, The damage seen in mouse lung Clar
a cells is caused by an accumulation of chloral resulting from high ra
tes of metabolism of trichloroethylene but poor clearance of chloral t
o trichloroethanol and its glucuronide. The activity and distribution
of the key metabolizing enzymes in this pathway have been compared in
mouse, rat, and human lung. While mouse lung microsomal fractions were
able to metabolize trichloroethylene to chloral at significant rates,
the rate in rat lung was 23-fold lower and a rate could not be detect
ed in human lung microsomes at all, Immunolocalization of cytochrome P
450IIE1 in lung sections revealed high concentrations in mouse lung Cl
ara cells with lesser amounts in type II cells. Lower levels of enzyme
could be detected in Clara cells of rat lung, but not at all in human
lung sections. Western blots of lung tissues from the three species a
nd of mouse lung Clara cells were entirely consistent with these obser
vations, Consequently, it is highly unlikely that humans exposed to tr
ichloroethylene are at risk from the lung damage/cell proliferation me
chanism that is believed to lead to the development of tumors in the m
ouse lung. (C) 1997 Society of Toxicology.