Visceral leishmaniasis in an AIDS patient on successful antiretroviral therapy: Failure of parasite eradication despite increase in CD4(+) T-cell count but low CD8(+) T-cell count

An unusual cutaneous relapse of visceral leishmaniasis (initially mistaken for eruptive histiocytomas) was seen ill all AIDS patient despite good viro logical and CD4(+) T-cell responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy . Splenectomy and the patient's low CD8(+) T-cell count are discussed as po ssible causes of failed disease control.