Lithium insertion into rhombohedral Li3Fe2(PO4)(3)

The lithium insertion process has been studied in rhombohedral Li,Fe,(PO,), (NASICON-type structure) by electrochemical and Mossbauer spectroscopic me thods. The form of the discharge curve and the effective discharge capacity is found to depend on the mode of cathode preparation: two plateaus tone c lear at similar to 2.80 V and one less distinct at similar to 2.65 V vs. Li /Li+), corresponding to ca. 1.5-1.6 inserted lithium ions during the first cycle, are seen after more extreme grinding; milder treatment gave only the 2.8 V plateau and ca. 1.1 inserted lithium ions. Mossbauer spectra for the more extensively ground material show the Fe environments in R-Li3Fe2(PO4) (3) to be highly symmetric; only a very narrow doubler with small quadrupol ar splitting is observed, and the two crystallographically independent Fe-a toms cannot be distinguished. As lithium insertion proceeds, two doublets ( average intensity ratio 1.5:1) appear, which can be assigned to two Fe2+ si tes. The average intensity ratio of 1.5:1 suggests that the extra lithium i ons occupy sites closer to one of the Fe-atoms. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B .V. All rights reserved.