Fluctuation of population in Penna model

In this communication, the fluctuation of the population of a colony is stu died for three processes of reproduction: cloning, meiotic parthenogenesis and sexual reproduction. We find that the magnitude of fluctuation is nearl y the same for the three cases. Also, for cloning and sexual reproduction, the fluctuation of population for a particular realisation of a colony is m uch smaller than the fluctuation of the mean population for different reali sations, while for meiotic parthenogenesis the two fluctuations are closer in magnitude.