In 1925, founder John Keefe(1) and in 1974, the late Tom Perry(2) delivered
presidential addresses to the New England Surgical Society (NESS) recounti
ng the essential happenings of surgery in Rhode Island from its founding to
the mid-19th century. We will not repeat the details of those excellent es
says, but events from that era must be reviewed to permit an understanding
of the course of events since.