T. Aho et al., EFFECTS OF MALE REMOVAL ON FEMALE FORAGING BEHAVIOR IN THE EURASIAN TREECREEPER, Behavioral ecology and sociobiology, 41(1), 1997, pp. 49-53
In old, spruce-dominated forests of central Finland, Eurasian treecree
pers Certhia familiaris divide their territories spatially during the
breeding season. Females forage primarily on the upper parts of the tr
ee trunks, while males use the lower parts of the tree trunks. In this
study we removed males from eight territories in the early nestling p
eriod to see if the mate's absence would change the foraging patterns
of the resident female. Widowed females foraged at lower heights, thus
behaving more like paired males. These females also spent less time o
n each tt ee and on each foraging bout than did paired females. We con
clude that male removal facilitated the change in a female's foraging
niche and foraging time at the trees. Females may reoptimize their for
aging site selection owing to the absence of dominant males and a cons
equent need to increase their parental care. Behavioral plasticity may
be the mechanism of niche partitioning between the sexes in this spec
ies.