Oceanic whitecaps may exert a cooling influence on the planet by increasing
surface albedo. The direct, globally averaged radiative forcing due to whi
tecaps lies in the range 0-0.14 Wm(-2) with a probable value of 0.03 Wm(-2)
. Though small, this global value is not negligible compared with the forci
ng due to some greenhouse gases and anthropogenic aerosols since preindustr
ial times. The relative importance of whitecaps may be greater on regional
and seasonal scales, with radiative forcing values reaching 0.7 Wm(-2) in t
he Indian Ocean during summer. Whitecap effects on surface albedo should be
taken into account explicitly in the numerical modeling and analysis of cl
imate change.