Upwelling along the coasts of Java and Sumatra sand its relation to ENSO

Upwelling along the Java-Sumatra Indian Ocean coasts is a response to regio nal winds associated with the monsoon climate. The upwelling center with lo w sea surface temperature migrates westward and toward the equator during t he southeast monsoon (June to October). The migration path depends on the s easonal evolution of alongshore winds and latitudinal changes in the Coriol is parameter. Upwelling is eventually terminated due to the reversal of win ds associated with the onset of the northwest monsoon and impingement of In dian Ocean equatorial Kelvin waves. Significant interannual variability of the Java-Sumatra upwelling is linked to ENSO through the Indonesian through flow (ITF) and by anomalous easterly wind. During El Nino episodes, the Jav a-Sumatra upwelling extends in both time (into November) and space (closer to the equator). During El Nino (La Nina), the ITF carries colder (warmer) water shallowing (deepening) thermocline depth and enhancing (reducing) upw elling strength.