Jr. Zahar et al., Delayed treatment contributes to mortality in ICU patients with severe active pulmonary tuberculosis and acute respiratory failure, INTEN CAR M, 27(3), 2001, pp. 513-520
Objectives: To clarify the patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) that sho
uld result in a high index of suspicion, to increase the chances of early t
herapy and to identify predictors of 30-day mortality.
Patients and methods: Retrospective, 7-year study in two medical intensive
care units (ICUs). All patients admitted with pulmonary TB were enrolled. C
linical and laboratory data at admission and events within 48 h of admissio
n were collected. Predictors of 30-day mortality were identified by univari
ate and multivariate analysis.
Results: The study included 99 patients with a median age of 41 years. Immu
nodeficiency was present in 60 patients, including 38 with AIDS. Fifty-nine
patients had pulmonary TB alone, 22 also had extrapulmonary TB and 18 had
miliary. All 99 patients were admitted for acute respiratory failure, some
also with shock (20), neurologic disorders (18) or acute renal failure (10)
. Mechanical ventilation was needed in 50 patients; 22 patients met criteri
a for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The 30-day mortality rate
was 26.2 %. Four factors independently predicted mortality: a time from sy
mptom onset to treatment of more than 1 month (OR, 3.49; CI, 1.20-10.20), t
he number of organ failures (OR, 3.15; CI, 1.76-5.76), a serum albumin leve
l above 20 g/l (OR, 3.96; CI, 1.04-15.10), and a larger number of lobes inv
olved on chest radiograph (OR, 1.83; CI, 1.12-2.98).
Conclusion: Delayed clinical suspicion and treatment of active pulmonary TB
with respiratory failure may contribute to the persistently high mortality
rates in ICU patients with these diseases.