A method for in vitro determination of calcium, iron and zinc availabilityfrom first-age infant formula and human milk

A method for in vitro determination of available calcium, iron and zinc con tent from infant food after digestion was evaluated. This method introduced Bn intraluminal digestive phase, adapted to the gastrointestinal condition s of infants younger than 6 months of age, prior to continuous flow dialysi s of the resultant gastric digest. Precautions handling the method were dis cussed and enzymatic parameters were defined. Ruggedness of the method was determined from the availability of calcium, iron and zinc at different gas trointestinal conditions. Availability of all three elements was higher at gastric pH of 2 (20.0 +/- 1.1% for calcium, 4.06 +/- 0.66% for iron and 17. 5 +/- 1.3%, for zinc), than from the normal procedure (pH 4) (15.6 +/- 1.2% for calcium, 1.18 +/- 0.26% for iron and 8.2 +/- 0.9% for zinc). At pH 5, however, calcium availability appeared to be lower (11.7 +/- 1.0%) (P < 0.0 5). The intestinal pH also had a major influence on the availability. At lo w intestinal pH (5.5), availability was 40.5 <plus/minus> 2.3% for calcium, 3.01 +/- 0.58% for iron and 26.8 +/- 1.8% for zinc, which was higher compa red with the normal procedure (P < 0.05). Moreover, other factors, such as digestion time, mixing and filtration pressure, also affected the availabil ity. Recovery tests yielded mean values of 94 <plus/minus> 3% for calcium, 109 +/- 9% for iron and 106 +/- 4% for zinc. Mean intra- and inter-batch pr ecision of the availability procedure was 4.1 CV% and 6.6 CV% for calcium, 14.5 CV% and 19.2 CV% for iron, and 4.0 CV% and 13.6 CV% for zinc. The meth od provides adequate accuracy, acceptable precision and good recovery. It o ffers the advantage of being simple, rapid and inexpensive, since it takes only 1 day to run the whole availability procedure (including four replicat es per sample), and the low costs of the dialysis equipment. It can therefo re be considered as suitable for predicting the availability of essential e lements from foods used during the first months of infancy.