Bullying behaviors among US youth - Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment

Context Although violence among US youth is a current major concern, bullyi ng is infrequently addressed and no national data on the prevalence of bull ying are available. Objectives To measure the prevalence of bullying behaviors among US youth a nd to determine the association of bullying and being bullied with indicato rs of psychosocial adjustment, including problem behavior, school adjustmen t, social/emotional adjustment, and parenting. Design, Setting, and Participants Analysis of data from a representative sa mple of 15686 students in grades 6 through 10 in public and private schools throughout the United States who completed the World Health Organization's Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey during the spring of 1998. Main Outcome Measure Self-report of involvement in bullying and being bulli ed by others. Results A total of 29.9% of the sample reported moderate or frequent involv ement in bullying, as a bully (13.0%), one who was bullied (10.6%), or both (6.3%). Males were more likely than females to be both perpetrators and ta rgets of bullying. The frequency of bullying was higher among 6th- through 8th-grade students than among 9th- and 10th-grade students. Perpetrating an d experiencing bullying were associated with poorer psychosocial adjustment (P<.001); however, different patterns of association occurred among bullie s, those bullied, and those who both bullied others and were bullied themse lves. Conclusions The prevalence of bullying among US youth is substantial. Given the concurrent behavioral and emotional difficulties associated with bully ing, as well as the potential long-term negative outcomes for these youth, the issue of bullying merits serious attention, both for future research an d preventive intervention.