Epilysin, a novel human matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-28) expressed in testis and keratinocytes and in response to injury

We have cloned a new human matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-28, epilysin) from human keratinocyte and testis cDNA libraries. Like most MMPs, epilysin con tains a signal sequence, a prodomain with a PRCGVTD sequence, a zinc-bindin g catalytic domain with an HEIGHTLGLTH sequence, and a hemopexin-like domai n. In addition, epilysin has a furin activation sequence (RRKKR) but has no transmembrane sequence. The exon-intron organization and splicing pattern of epilysin differ from that of other MMP genes. It has only 8 exons, and 5 exons are spliced at sites not used by other MMPs. Another novel feature o f epilysin is that exon 4 is alternatively spliced to a transcript that doe s not encode the N-terminal half of the catalytic domain. Northern hybridiz ation of tissue RNA indicated that epilysin is expressed at high levels in testis and at lower levels in lungs, heart, colon, intestine, and brain, RN ase protection assay with various cell lines indicated that epilysin was se lectively expressed in keratinocytes. Recombinant epilysin degraded casein in a zymography assay, and its proteolytic activity was inhibited by EDTA a nd by batimastat, a selective MMP inhibitor. Immunohistochemical staining s howed expression of epilysin protein in the basal and suprabasal epidermis of intact skin. In injured skin, prominent staining for epilysin was seen i n basal keratinocytes both at and some distance from the wound edge, a patt ern that is quite distinct from that of other MMPs expressed during tissue repair. These findings suggest that this new MMP functions in several tissu es both in tissue homeostasis and in repair.