Consumption of soup and nutritional intake in French adults: consequences for nutritional status

Aim The impact of soup consumption on nutrient intake and nutritional indic ators was assessed in adults who consumed soup compared to those who did no t or who were occasional eaters. Methods Data were obtained for 2188 men and 2849 women living in France and participating ire the SU.VI.MAX cohort, who reported twelve 24-h dietary r ecords during a 2-year follow-up period (60 444 records). Subjects were div ided into three groups: (1) those who ate soup 0-2 days or less out of 6 da ys were classified as occasional or non-consumers; (2) those who consumed s oup 3-4 days out of 6 were defined as regular consumers; (3) those who cons umed soup 5-6 days out of 6 were defined as heavy consumers. Results Seven per cent of women and 9% of men were heavy consumers of soup. Respectively, 46 and 42% were regular, and 47 and 49% were occasional or n on-consumers. Mean energy intake was lower in heavy consumers than in occas ional or non-consumers, but the difference was statistically significant on ly in women. In men and women, heavy consumers of soup had significantly hi gher intakes of carbohydrates than occasional and non-consumers (245 g J(-1 ) vs. 227 g J(-1) in men; 186 g J(-1) vs. 176 g J(-1) in women) and lower l ipid intakes (97 g J(-1) vs. 102 g J(-1) in men; 80 g J(-1) vs. 75 g J(-1) in women). Soup consumers presented lower energy intake at dinner than ligh t or non-consumers. In soup consumers, breakfast and lunch contained greate r amounts of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, but dinner contained signi ficantly smaller amounts of lipids and proteins. A higher frequency of BMI > 27 kg m(-2) was found in occasional and non-soup consumers; conversely a higher frequency of BMI between 23 and 27 kg m(-2) was found in regular con sumers of soup and a higher frequency of BMI < 23 kg m(-2) in heavy consume rs. For women, an association was found between occasional or non-consumers and BMI > 25 kg m(-2) and between heavy consumers and BMI < 22 kg m(-2). L ikewise an association was found in men only between heavy consumption of s oup and lower value of serum cholesterol. Conclusion The present data suggest that the consumption of soups contribut es to a balanced diet. Consumption of soup may be beneficial for a healthy nutritional status in the overall population.