M. Sebbagh et al., Caspase-3-mediated cleavage of ROCK I induces MLC phosphorylation and apoptotic membrane blebbing, NAT CELL BI, 3(4), 2001, pp. 346-352
Increased phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) is necessary for the
dynamic membrane blebbing that is observed at the onset of apoptosis. Here
we identify ROCK I, an effector of the small GTPase Rho, as a new substrate
for caspases. ROCK I is cleaved by caspase-3 at a conserved DETD1113/G seq
uence and its carboxy-terminal inhibitory domain is removed, resulting in d
eregulated and constitutive kinase activity. ROCK proteins are known to reg
ulate MLC-phosphorylation and apoptotic cells exhibit a gradual increase in
levels of phosphorylated MLC concomitant with ROCK I cleavage. This phosph
orylation, as well as membrane blebbing, is abrogated by inhibition of casp
ases or ROCK proteins, but both processes are independent of Rho activity.
We also show that expression of active truncated ROCK I induces cell blebbi
ng. Thus, activation of ROCK I by caspase-3 seems to be responsible for ble
b formation in apoptotic cells.