Ingroup identification as the inclusion of ingroup in the self

This article presents a basic conceptualization of ingroup identification a s the degree to which the ingroup is included in the self and introduces th e Inclusion of Ingroup in the Self(IIS) measure to reflect this conceptuali zation. Using responses from samples of women and ethnic minority groups, f our studies demonstrate the utility of this conceptualization of ingroup id entification and provide support for the IIS. Results from these studies es tablish construct validity, concurrent and discriminant validity, and high degrees of test-retest reliability for the IIS. Reaction time evidence also is provided, supporting the use of the IIS as a measure of ingroup identif ication. Particular strengths of this conceptualization of ingroup identifi cation and potential uses for the IIS are discussed.