Pathways to double ionization of atoms in strong fields - art. no. 043414

We discuss the final stages of double ionization of atoms in a strong linea rly polarized laser field within a classical model. We propose that all tra jectories leading to nonsequential double ionization pass close to a saddle in the phase space that we identify and characterize. The saddle lies in a two degree of freedom subspace of symmetrically escaping electrons. The di stribution of a longitudinal moments of ions as calculated within the subsp ace shows the double hump structure observed in experiments. Including a sy mmetric bending mode of the electrons allows us to reproduce the transverse ion momenta. We discuss also a path to sequential ionization and show that it does not lead to the observed momentum distributions.